Lettering

~	Tilde/Macron above vowel: indicates omitted -n or -m after vowel. I do not use this in the plaintext transcription; I add -n or -m back in.
	Question Mark – Note: for rhetorical-style exclamations, the 1611 will use "?" more often than "!" (today: "What city is like this great city!") In odd places, "?" is used where today we'd instead use "." (full stop).
	f vs. ſ (Long S) vs. L - Warning: Default to pronouncing this shape as "S", unless the strikethrough is hefty, or the top end forked.
	x vs. r – Distinguished by bottom-left corner only. (Watch for: war vs wax, tare vs tax(e); ore vs ox(e), and "firſt" vs "fift" vs "ſixt")
	"R-rotunda" (an upside-down R) is just R after a rounded letter shape. The 13 rounded letter shapes: B/b, D/d, h, O/o, P/p, v, W/w, y.
	b vs. d – (They're both rounded)
	b vs. "v" , w – All 3 extend tall. The b is straight & plain. ("v" is the letter "u" occurring at the start of words. It acts as "v" OR "u".)
	U/V, W, Y – Very notable capital letters. Blackletter capital "V" does not exist… more precisely, this form is both word-initial AND word-medial capital "U". (In Italic font, the form "V" is both word-initial & word-medial capital "U".)
	D vs. O – Distinguished by the top-left corner only. The small caps D differs a bit from this; we use "Đ" to represent it.
	K vs. R – R stands straight up-right
	T vs. L – Distinguished by the upper cross stroke.
	You'll find ligature-forms of various letters, including this reduced "w". And, opposite of a ligature: Long S+k, ſ k always makes a large gap.

There are differences in how the alphabet itself is used. As such, these are not "spelling" changes.

1. i and y (vowels) are interchangeable. Example: "eie" for "eye"
2. j doesn't truly exist; it's "i" acting as a consonant - this use of "i" is not interchangeable with "y". Example: "iust" for "just" (and a form like 'yust' never exists).
3. Capital I in Blackletter font is drawn in the shape we call "J".
4. v doesn't truly exist, it's "u" acting as a consonant - Examples: "enuy" for "envy", "yuory" for "ivory." It's usually predictable whether the "u" is acting as a vowel or a consonant (v). Names are the trickiest; "v" is intended in these cases: Caluarie, Syluanus, Sepharuaim, Iuah/Juah (for Ivah), Ashuath, Shausha, Paruaim, Biguai.
5. Word-initial u is drawn in the shape we call "v" (both in Blackletter & Italic fonts). Examples: "vs" for "us"

There are 10 Punctuation marks, including hyphen & double-hyphen: .,:;!?()-=
1611 KJV Scripture (excluding headers/margins/etc.) uses the Numerals 0-9, the Punctuations, and 3 Cases of 24 Letters (upper, lower, & small-caps), in 3 different Fonts: Blackletter, small-size "Italic", and full-size "Italic." Yes, 3 visual forms of each punctuation.
There's the Capitulum ⸿ (Pilcrow ¶ in Italic) which marks 'paragraphs', and several other in-line marks which aren't scripture, like ||, *, and †. (I've largely repurposed these markings for: ||exchanged words, |changes of word-form, *homonyms, †abbreviations/'typos', ⊥type substitutions, +added words, ^words now compounded, and ●compounds now split.)
The Apostrophe ' wasn't introduced til the 1760s, meaning the plural & possessive forms are identical, e.g. "his wives" to mean "his wife's", "they shall be the Priests" to mean "they shall be the Priest's", and "ye are Gods" to mean.. "ye are Gods" (yes, "Gods," in this quote). A little faith and context is enough to discern the meaning; the KJV is also generally worded with this in mind. Digital versions of the KJV are often the Oxford branch (1769), and contain the "Oxford apostrophe"… you can be assured the text has NOT been ambitiously "corrected" (or tampered with) if you find these forms intact: her's, their's, our's, your's.
Capitalization did not carry the weight of "deity" in 1611, compared to today where we distinguish between "big G" God and "little g" gods. "God" is a title, meaning "moral judge" (one who forms judgments as to who deserves life or death). This makes sense in the 1st Commandment's wording; "gods of other nations" easily refers to flesh & blood leaders who pass judgment on the behalf of some ancestor/mascot/etc. In 16th century English Bibles, the Judges of Israel are styled "the Gods" (and "Saviours," too, speaking physically). As moral law-givers & teachers, things like Buddhas are gods by definition.
Roman Numerals are used for Chapter Numbering in the 1611 KJV, but not for Scripture text. Pre-KJV Bibles did use Roman numerals within Scripture, where .M. and .C. are always uppercase, but .l. .x. .v. and .i. are always lowercase (since .l. resembles ſ, you could actually spot-read .lx. as ſix-ty). Unfortunately, they lend themselves to typos (e.g. omission or insertion of an "i", etc.). The convention is to enclose numerals in "." full stops, not spaces, indicating that they aren't treated as 'words' per se.

Printing Peculiarities

There are transformations intrinsic to the printing process which can't be placed in the "spelling changes" category. For example, we would not suppose a typo is a spelling change.

1. Word-symbols: & (and), y^e (the), y^t (that), w^t (with).
2. Type Substitutions: Presumably, when supply of physical letter-type comes up short, certain authorized and approved substitutions are made. The Barker Blackletter typeface seems even designed for this; the eye doesn't necessarily notice the swap. It's "common" to swap c & e (authoritic; streteh, Abimeleeh, Sheehem, wateh, eurse), c & t (unco, broughc, -ech [-eth], noc, co, facher, wich; atcording, whith), e & t (groweeh, ehe, breehren), e & r (northwaed, spikenaed; entrrd), r & t (answeted, mothet). There's also n & u substitutions; one might argue they're upside-down placements, but, nonetheless approved: Aud (occurs 30+ times), uuto, agaiust, fanour, qnickly (twice within 3 verses, some intentionality here), Solomou, childreu, enqnire, eveu, uow, honse, uext, Danid, oner, bnt, coucern, iu, excelleut, gracions, redemptiou, husbaud, hane, consolatiou, couuersation. Meanwhile, m & ɯ may be upside-down placement, as this "ɯ" doesn't quite resemble the reduced-w (as shown in the Chart up top): Saɯuel, naɯe, ɯeasured. Each portion of the Bible was type-set by several printers simultaneously, and the segments produced were then shuffled together to make complete Bibles; therefore, there's no uniform "authoritative" list of typos to refer to; today we just happen to have only a few scanned copies to pull data from. Your copy might have this b & v substitution: bpon (for vpon, 1Ki 7:19), and revelled (for rebelled, 2Ki 24). Cases like these are evidence that a typo "caught" may then be elegantly "answered" via a similar substitution, as a means to acknowledge it. There's the interesting m & n pair in Matthew/Mark: might (for night, Mat 26:34), and warning (for warming, Mar 14:67), both taking place the night Jesus is captured.
3. Abbreviations, that is, unusual single-occurrence shortenings (and the inverse, which I call "Inflations"). These are often labeled "typos," which is fine. If any of these had been problematic, the page would have been recalled and reprinted. Examples: Un= (for "unto"), appoiment, chidren, chldren, dawen (drawen), hief (chief), broght, strenthen, wickednsse, vsion, sover (soever), brethen, prist, Gopel, fasly (falsely), instrution, breadh (breadth). Beeersheba, fifteeen[e], looosed, writtten.
4. In 1611, æ is always plain e (Alpheus, Arimathea, Bartimeus, Cesar, Chaldea, Epenetus, Galilean, Hymeneus, Idumea, Iturea, Jediel, Judea, Lebbeus, Pretorium, Thaddeus, Timeus).
5. Letter-type narrowing/widening exchanges (similar to i/y above, but not quite considered as equivalents). I would count u/w (Flour[e], foul, houl, boul[e], drousiness, gallous, grouth, hauk, pouder; Flowr[e], fowl, dawb, clowt, lowd, perswade, powr[e], scowr, showt, shrowd, snowt, sowr[e]); and i/e only as found interchangeably in these common affixes: En-/in- (Encline, enclose/inclose, encrease, enflame/inflame, enform, entreat/intreat; Imbalm, imbrace, incamp, inchant, incourage, indanger, indue, indure, ingrave, injoyn, inlarge, inlighten, inough/ynough*, imploy, inquire, inrich, intangle), des-/dis-/de- (dispise, dispair, disire, discide), and -eous/-ious (couragious, habergion, outragious); but otherwise, i/e is a spelling change (e.g. beleeve, theef[e], apeece.)
6. The letter "e" is added or deleted to/from the end of words (or segments of words), with such frequency as to be almost an afterthought. The rest of this page covers key "e" patterns to pick up on.

"e" Expansion & Collapse

This phenomenon pertains categorically to the representation of English on the printed page, and again can't really be construed as changes to any individual words' spellings. The following patterns account for many but not all of the occurrences:

1. He/she/me/we/ye are written as hee/shee/mee/wee/yee each about 32% of the time. Be is written as bee 19% or 1348 times.
2. The ending -y can be made -ie (whether it's pronounced -ee or -igh). A few of the shorter examples (these short words trip the modern eye): Bodie, busie, copie, follie, ladie, leuie (levy), manie, nauie (navy), priuie, readie, studie, windie; crie, defie, drie, flie, relie, skie, spie, trie. It can apply to names: Marie, Jeremie.
3. An ending-consonant may be doubled to avoid conflation with another word: Barre, bidde, bitte, farre, finne, firre, hidde, kinne, ladde, madde, pinne, quitte, ragge, robbe, rodde, soppe* ("sope" is a spelling of soap), starre, strippe, thinne, twinne, wagge, warre, winne.
4. Consonant doubling also applies to the endings -Les, -Nes, -Es, making -Lesse, -Nesse, -Esse (please note how -Less, -Ness, -Ess as we have them today, do not occur!)
5. In fact, zero* scripture words end in -ss (which would appear as "-ſs"), but rather in -s or -ſſe. Accesse, amisse, asse, asse's, blesse, brasse, compasse, confesse, crosse, cypresse, dispossesse, distresse, dresse, drosse, excesse, expresse, fortresse, glasse, grasse, grosse, hisse, kisse, lesse, losse, messe, misse, oppresse, overpasse, passe, pisse, possesse, presse, processe, professe, successe, tosse, transgresse, trespasse, unlesse, winepresse, witnesse. (*There's 1 exception: "wass", written in Italic font.)
6. The Past-Participle ending -en (e.g. "hidden", "taken", "torn"), whenever it follows the letter W, is never shortened to -wn as we have it today; it's always spelled out as -wen: Blowen, drawen, growen, hewen, knowen, mowen, overflowen, overthrowen ("overthrown" exists as a shortening, 1 time out of 16), sawen, sowen, throwen, unknowen, withdrawen.
7. Conversely, when verbs ending in -en (or -er) are inflected (by adding -ing, -ed, -est, etc.), the -en (or -er) is usually collapsed down to -n- (or -r-): Darkned, fastned, hardned, hearkned, lightned, quickned, sharpned, shortned, straitned, strengthned, threatning/threatned; Administred, angred, broidred, chambring, cumbred, encountred, entring/entred, gendred, hindred, hungred, lingred, ministring/ministred (but ministery), numbring/numbred, offring/offred, ordred, remembred/remembring, rendring/rendred, scattred, slumbring/slumbred, suffring/suffred, sundred, tabring, thundring/thundred, wandring/wandred, watring/watred, wondring/wondred (but wonderous/wonderously).
8. The Past-Tense ending -ed is collapsed to -t with great frequency: Burnt, clapt, clipt, cropt, crusht, deckt, dipt, fetcht, leapt, mixt, past*, pluckt, puft, pusht, ravisht, ript, slipt, stampt, stopt, stript, watcht, wrapt. ("Past" was still understood to be distinct from "passed"; it's used for "passed" only 1 time out of 160.)
9. Some other verb forms can collapse: Laith¹ [layeth], maist [mayest], dismaid [dismayed]. Some can expand: Saieth, saidest, diddest, haddest, laied/layed (Note that both 'paid' & 'payed' exist in Present Day KJV)
10. E can be inserted before -S at the end of plurals, and also in the middle of compounds, before such suffixes as -Able, -Dom, -Full, -Les, -Nes, -Ly, -Ment, -Fold, -Score, -Man, -Woman, -Folk. To the extent that some of these are the consistent forms, they could be considered spelling changes: Onely, uncertainely¹, wisedom. E can also be deleted from the same positions: Delicatly¹, falsly, falshood, formost, houshold, horsman, linage¹ [lineage], therin, whordom). E may be tacked onto names: Elies [Eli's], Saraes [Sara's], Christes.
11. Expansion/Collapse before -Y, -Ty, -Th, gives us a few more consistent changes: countreys, certainety, duety, trueth, moneth [month: 'mone'th], whilest; hony, cony [coney], mony¹.

"e" Expansion/Collapse resembling Inflation/Abbreviation

These are essentially following Early Modern patterns. Gate [gat], begate, forgate, hote [hot], quite [quit], wote [wot]; Concubins¹, befor¹, els, famin, guid¹, infinit¹, lentils, pomegranat, respit¹, sap[p]hir, twentith, tortois¹, vulturs¹, wo [woe] & wofull¹, Levits, Hagarens, Hebronits, Philistins, Temanits; plus these conflatable shortenings mentioned on the Homonyms page: Bad*, bath*, breath*, hast*, wast*.

The spelling of the 1611 KJV is highly standardized compared to what came before, but in preserving and presenting these Early Modern oddities, it serves as a bridge to the KJV's own source texts, allowing them to still be readable. We should be quite thankful for this.